TEFL Glossary

A grammatical category that locates a situation in time, often expressed through verb forms (e.g., past, present, future).

See main stress.

Detailed guidelines are provided by exam boards that outline the format, content, and assessment criteria of a test.

Engage, Study, Activate

This structure allows for more personalisation than other structures in lesson design and planning to target the activities to your students better.

See Content and Language Integrated Learning

Test of English as a Foreign Language - most widely used in the USA. See IELTS.

The test can be taken in the traditional way (paper based test), or online (internet based test), so you will sometimes see 'TOEFL pbt' and 'TOEFL ibt' to distingusih the way the exam was undertaken.

Tone is the writer's expression in writing created by conveying certain emotions and attitudes within the text.

Top-down processing in reading or listening is using our existing general knowledge to help us make sense of a written text. See also bottom-up.

TPR is a language teaching method developed by Asher in the 1970s. Itis intended only for the early stages of second language learning. Students are taught through imperatives which they must obey: stand up, walk to the window, touch your nose, and so on.

See Total Physical Response.